US Economic CensusOfficial measure of American business, and a good source of local industry data. The U.S. Census Bureau conducts an economic census every 5 years, as mandated by Title 13, U.S. Code. In late 2012, nearly five million businesses will receive 2012 Economic Census forms. All large and mid-size businesses will receive forms as well as a sample of the smallest establishments. Businesses will have the option to report on paper or electronically.